Os quatro pilares da aprendizagem, segundo S. Dehaene

Javier

@PsicEduM

   

25 de janeiro de 2020 , 9 tweets, 1 min de leitura

 

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Os quatro pilares da aprendizagem segundo S. Dehaene *

* Matemático e doutor em psicologia cognitiva. Especialista no estudo das principais operações intelectuais.
Fonte: Como aprendemos (2019). 

Segundo o autor, esses pilares têm validade universal. Não importa se somos bebés, crianças ou adultos: implantamo-los em qualquer idade e é essencial aprender a dominá-los. 

1. A atenção: conjunto de circuitos neuronais que selecionam, amplificam e propagam os sinais aos quais damos importância e multiplicam a sua representação na memória por cem ou mil. 

É aconselhável ajudar os alunos a concentrarem a sua atenção no que é importante, o que implica a eliminação cuidadosa de qualquer fonte de distração que os impeça de se afastar da tarefa principal e de se concentrar. 

2. Compromisso ativo: o aprendizado exige a geração ativa de hipóteses, com motivação e curiosidade. A aprendizagem ocorre se o aprendiz prestar atenção, pensar, antecipar e apresentar hipóteses com o risco de estar errado. 

Sem atenção, sem esforço, sem reflexão profunda, a lição desaparece sem deixar muito rasto. 

3. A detecção e correção de erros, com um bom feedback: todas as vezes que somos surpreendidos porque o mundo contradiz as nossas expectativas, os sinais de erro espalham-se pelo cérebro e são responsáveis ​​pela correção de modelos mentais, 

Elimine hipóteses inadequadas e estabilize as mais relevantes.

4. Consolidação: com o tempo, o cérebro compila o que foi adquirido e o transfere para a memória de longo prazo, a fim de libertar recursos para outras aprendizagens. 

Da mesma forma, a repetição desempenha um papel fundamental nessa consolidação e também no sono, que constitui um momento essencial durante o qual o cérebro repete e recodifica as aquisições do dia.
🔚 

Correção do questionário das cenas 2 e 3 do Ato II de Romeu e Julieta

1of 5

What is Friar Lawrence worried about when he first sees Romeo

• That Romeo has slept with Rosaline.
• That Romeo has run off with Juliet.
• That Romeo has killed Tybalt.
• That Romeo has insulted Capulet.

2of 5

How does Friar Lawrence regard Romeo's love for Juliet

• He doubts the sincerity of Romeo's feelings.
• He is thrilled that Romeo has stopped pining for Rosaline.
• He is excited that Romeo has finally found happiness.
• He worries that Juliet doesn't feel the same.

3of 5

Who challenges Romeo to a duel

• Capulet
• Tybalt
• Benvolio
• Samson

4of 5

How does Mercutio describe Tybalt

• Brave and valiant
• Dumb but strong
• Skilled and vain
• Smart but weak

5of 5

How will Juliet sneak away to Friar Lawrence's cell

• By wearing a mask
• By having the Nurse create a diversion
• By pretending to go to confession
• By leaving the house at night

Correção do questionário do Prólogo e da cena 1 do Ato II de Romeu e Julieta

1of 5

Why doesn't Romeo leave with Mercutio and Benvolio

• He is tired of their jokes.
• He has arranged to meet Juliet.
• He hopes to ambush Tybalt
• He wants to see Juliet again.

2of 5

Where are Romeo and Juliet when they meet for the second time

• She is leaving the feast, and he is passing by in the street.
• She is at her window, and he is in the garden below.
• They are both in Friar Lawrence's cell.
• They are both in the Capulet family orchard.

3of 5

What does Juliet say she would do if she knew Romeo loved her

• Give up her Capulet name
• Reject Paris's proposal
• Marry him
• Leave Verona forever

4of 5

Why isn't Romeo afraid to be discovered talking to Juliet

• He is confident in his fighting skills.
• He knows that Juliet will keep him safe.
• He believes his love will protect him.
• He thinks Mercutio and Benvolio will rescue him.

5of 5

What is Juliet worried about with regard to Romeo

• That he still loves Rosaline.
• That he's using her to get to Tybalt.
• That he's becoming obsessed with her.
• That his love isn't true.

Correção do questionário da cena 5 do Ato I de Romeu e Julieta

1of 5

Who first discovers that there is a Montague at the Capulets' feast

• Lady Capulet
• Capulet
• Tybalt
• The Nurse

2of 5

Whom does Romeo forget about the moment he sees Juliet

• Rosaline
• Tybalt
• Mercutio
• Lady Capulet

3of 5

How do Romeo and Juliet metaphorically describe themselves in their first conversation

• As the sun and the moon
• As the sea and the sky
• As a lion and a lamb
• As a pilgrim and a saint

4of 5

How many times do Romeo and Juliet kiss at the first meeting

• One
• Two
• Four
• Zero

5of 5

How do Romeo and Juliet act when each discovers whom the other is

• Romeo is sad, but Juliet is intrigued.
• Romeo is ecstatic, but Juliet is worried.
• They are both devastated.
• They are both indifferent.

Correção do questionário da cena 4 do Ato I de Romeu e Julieta

1of 5

How do the Montagues plan on getting into the Capulets' feast

• By wearing masks.
• By climbing up the balcony.
• By drugging the guards.
• By hiding inside.

2of 5

Why is Romeo anxious about attending the feast

• He is worried about falling in love with Juliet.
• He dreamt that it was a bad idea.
• He thinks Tybalt will recognize him.
• He is afraid of Rosaline.

3of 5

How does Mercutio react to Romeo's statements about love

• He encourages Romeo to continue expressing his feelings.
• He grows angry and refuses to talk.
• He applies all of them to Juliet.
• He turns them into statements about sex.

4of 5

Who is the subject of Mercutio's long speech

• Rosaline
• Juliet
• Queen Mab
• Prince Escalus

5of 5

Which event does Romeo foreshadow as they make their way to the feast

• His marriage to Juliet
• His own death
• Mercutio's death
• The end of the feud